Year

A year _in the ISO-8601 calendar system, such as {@code 2007}. !(p) {@code Year} is an immutable date-time object that represents a year. Any field that can be derived from a year can be obtained. !(p) !(b)Note that years _in the ISO chronology only align with years _in the Gregorian-Julian system for modern years. Parts of Russia did not switch to the modern Gregorian/ISO rules until 1920. As such, historical years must be treated with caution.</b> !(p) This class does not store or represent a month, day, time or time-zone. For example, the value "2007" can be stored _in a {@code Year}. !(p) Years represented by this class follow the ISO-8601 standard and use the proleptic numbering system. Year 1 is preceded by year 0, then by year -1. !(p) The ISO-8601 calendar system is the modern civil calendar system used today _in most of the world. It is equivalent to the proleptic Gregorian calendar system, _in which today's rules for leap years are applied for all time. For most applications written today, the ISO-8601 rules are entirely suitable. However, any application that makes use of historical dates, and requires them to be accurate will find the ISO-8601 approach unsuitable.

!(p) This is a <a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/doc-files/ValueBased.html">value-based</a> class; use of identity-sensitive operations (including reference equality ({@code ==}), identity hash code, or synchronization) on instances of {@code Year} may have unpredictable results and should be avoided. The {@code equals} method should be used for comparisons.

@implSpec This class is immutable and thread-safe.

@since 1.8

Constructors

this
this(int year)

Constructor.

Members

Functions

_with
Year _with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster)

Returns an adjusted copy of this year. !(p) This returns a {@code Year}, based on this one, with the year adjusted. The adjustment takes place using the specified adjuster strategy object. Read the documentation of the adjuster to understand what adjustment will be made. !(p) The result of this method is obtained by invoking the {@link TemporalAdjuster#adjustInto(Temporal)} method on the specified adjuster passing {@code this} as the argument. !(p) This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

_with
Year _with(TemporalField field, long newValue)

Returns a copy of this year with the specified field set to a new value. !(p) This returns a {@code Year}, based on this one, with the value for the specified field changed. If it is not possible to set the value, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown. !(p) If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the adjustment is implemented here. The supported fields behave as follows: !(ul) !(li){@code YEAR_OF_ERA} - Returns a {@code Year} with the specified year-of-era The era will be unchanged. !(li){@code YEAR} - Returns a {@code Year} with the specified year. This completely replaces the date and is equivalent to {@link #of(int)}. !(li){@code ERA} - Returns a {@code Year} with the specified era. The year-of-era will be unchanged. </ul> !(p) In all cases, if the new value is outside the valid range of values for the field then a {@code DateTimeException} will be thrown. !(p) All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}. !(p) If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.adjustInto(Temporal, long)} passing {@code this} as the argument. In this case, the field determines whether and how to adjust the instant. !(p) This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

adjustInto
Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal)

Adjusts the specified temporal object to have this year. !(p) This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input with the year changed to be the same as this. !(p) The adjustment is equivalent to using {@link Temporal#_with(TemporalField, long)} passing {@link ChronoField#YEAR} as the field. If the specified temporal object does not use the ISO calendar system then a {@code DateTimeException} is thrown. !(p) In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using {@link Temporal#_with(TemporalAdjuster)}: !(pre) // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended temporal = thisYear.adjustInto(temporal); temporal = temporal._with(thisYear); </pre> !(p) This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

atDay
LocalDate atDay(int dayOfYear)

Combines this year with a day-of-year to create a {@code LocalDate}. !(p) This returns a {@code LocalDate} formed from this year and the specified day-of-year. !(p) The day-of-year value 366 is only valid _in a leap year.

atMonth
YearMonth atMonth(Month month)

Combines this year with a month to create a {@code YearMonth}. !(p) This returns a {@code YearMonth} formed from this year and the specified month. All possible combinations of year and month are valid. !(p) This method can be used as part of a chain to produce a date: !(pre) LocalDate date = year.atMonth(month).atDay(day); </pre>

atMonth
YearMonth atMonth(int month)

Combines this year with a month to create a {@code YearMonth}. !(p) This returns a {@code YearMonth} formed from this year and the specified month. All possible combinations of year and month are valid. !(p) This method can be used as part of a chain to produce a date: !(pre) LocalDate date = year.atMonth(month).atDay(day); </pre>

atMonthDay
LocalDate atMonthDay(MonthDay monthDay)

Combines this year with a month-day to create a {@code LocalDate}. !(p) This returns a {@code LocalDate} formed from this year and the specified month-day. !(p) A month-day of February 29th will be adjusted to February 28th _in the resulting date if the year is not a leap year.

compareTo
int compareTo(Year other)

Compares this year to another year. !(p) The comparison is based on the value of the year. It is "consistent with equals", as defined by {@link Comparable}.

get
int get(TemporalField field)

Gets the value of the specified field from this year as an {@code int}. !(p) This queries this year for the value of the specified field. The returned value will always be within the valid range of values for the field. If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown. !(p) If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here. The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid values based on this year. All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}. !(p) If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)} passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained, and what the value represents, is determined by the field.

getLong
long getLong(TemporalField field)

Gets the value of the specified field from this year as a {@code long}. !(p) This queries this year for the value of the specified field. If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown. !(p) If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here. The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid values based on this year. All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}. !(p) If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)} passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained, and what the value represents, is determined by the field.

getValue
int getValue()

Gets the year value. !(p) The year returned by this method is proleptic as per {@code get(YEAR)}.

isAfter
bool isAfter(Year other)

Checks if this year is after the specified year.

isBefore
bool isBefore(Year other)

Checks if this year is before the specified year.

isLeap
bool isLeap()

Checks if the year is a leap year, according to the ISO proleptic calendar system rules. !(p) This method applies the current rules for leap years across the whole time-line. In general, a year is a leap year if it is divisible by four without remainder. However, years divisible by 100, are not leap years, with the exception of years divisible by 400 which are. !(p) For example, 1904 is a leap year it is divisible by 4. 1900 was not a leap year as it is divisible by 100, however 2000 was a leap year as it is divisible by 400. !(p) The calculation is proleptic - applying the same rules into the far future and far past. This is historically inaccurate, but is correct for the ISO-8601 standard.

isSupported
bool isSupported(TemporalField field)

Checks if the specified field is supported. !(p) This checks if this year can be queried for the specified field. If false, then calling the {@link #range(TemporalField) range}, {@link #get(TemporalField) get} and {@link #_with(TemporalField, long)} methods will throw an exception. !(p) If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here. The supported fields are: !(ul) !(li){@code YEAR_OF_ERA} !(li){@code YEAR} !(li){@code ERA} </ul> All other {@code ChronoField} instances will return false. !(p) If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor)} passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.

isSupported
bool isSupported(TemporalUnit unit)

Checks if the specified unit is supported. !(p) This checks if the specified unit can be added to, or subtracted from, this year. If false, then calling the {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)} and {@link #minus(long, TemporalUnit) minus} methods will throw an exception. !(p) If the unit is a {@link ChronoUnit} then the query is implemented here. The supported units are: !(ul) !(li){@code YEARS} !(li){@code DECADES} !(li){@code CENTURIES} !(li){@code MILLENNIA} !(li){@code ERAS} </ul> All other {@code ChronoUnit} instances will return false. !(p) If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.isSupportedBy(Temporal)} passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the unit is supported is determined by the unit.

isValidMonthDay
bool isValidMonthDay(MonthDay monthDay)

Checks if the month-day is valid for this year. !(p) This method checks whether this year and the input month and day form a valid date.

length
int length()

Gets the length of this year _in days.

minus
Year minus(TemporalAmount amountToSubtract)

Returns a copy of this year with the specified amount subtracted. !(p) This returns a {@code Year}, based on this one, with the specified amount subtracted. The amount is typically {@link Period} but may be any other type implementing the {@link TemporalAmount} interface. !(p) The calculation is delegated to the amount object by calling {@link TemporalAmount#subtractFrom(Temporal)}. The amount implementation is free to implement the subtraction _in any way it wishes, however it typically calls back to {@link #minus(long, TemporalUnit)}. Consult the documentation of the amount implementation to determine if it can be successfully subtracted. !(p) This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

minus
Year minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit)

Returns a copy of this year with the specified amount subtracted. !(p) This returns a {@code Year}, based on this one, with the amount _in terms of the unit subtracted. If it is not possible to subtract the amount, because the unit is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown. !(p) This method is equivalent to {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)} with the amount negated. See that method for a full description of how addition, and thus subtraction, works. !(p) This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

minusYears
Year minusYears(long yearsToSubtract)

Returns a copy of this {@code Year} with the specified number of years subtracted. !(p) This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

opCmp
int opCmp(Year o)
Undocumented in source. Be warned that the author may not have intended to support it.
opEquals
bool opEquals(Object obj)

Checks if this year is equal to another year. !(p) The comparison is based on the time-line position of the years.

plus
Year plus(TemporalAmount amountToAdd)

Returns a copy of this year with the specified amount added. !(p) This returns a {@code Year}, based on this one, with the specified amount added. The amount is typically {@link Period} but may be any other type implementing the {@link TemporalAmount} interface. !(p) The calculation is delegated to the amount object by calling {@link TemporalAmount#addTo(Temporal)}. The amount implementation is free to implement the addition _in any way it wishes, however it typically calls back to {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)}. Consult the documentation of the amount implementation to determine if it can be successfully added. !(p) This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

plus
Year plus(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit)

Returns a copy of this year with the specified amount added. !(p) This returns a {@code Year}, based on this one, with the amount _in terms of the unit added. If it is not possible to add the amount, because the unit is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown. !(p) If the field is a {@link ChronoUnit} then the addition is implemented here. The supported fields behave as follows: !(ul) !(li){@code YEARS} - Returns a {@code Year} with the specified number of years added. This is equivalent to {@link #plusYears(long)}. !(li){@code DECADES} - Returns a {@code Year} with the specified number of decades added. This is equivalent to calling {@link #plusYears(long)} with the amount multiplied by 10. !(li){@code CENTURIES} - Returns a {@code Year} with the specified number of centuries added. This is equivalent to calling {@link #plusYears(long)} with the amount multiplied by 100. !(li){@code MILLENNIA} - Returns a {@code Year} with the specified number of millennia added. This is equivalent to calling {@link #plusYears(long)} with the amount multiplied by 1,000. !(li){@code ERAS} - Returns a {@code Year} with the specified number of eras added. Only two eras are supported so the amount must be one, zero or minus one. If the amount is non-zero then the year is changed such that the year-of-era is unchanged. </ul> !(p) All other {@code ChronoUnit} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}. !(p) If the field is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.addTo(Temporal, long)} passing {@code this} as the argument. In this case, the unit determines whether and how to perform the addition. !(p) This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

plusYears
Year plusYears(long yearsToAdd)

Returns a copy of this {@code Year} with the specified number of years added. !(p) This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

query
R query(TemporalQuery!(R) query)

Queries this year using the specified query. !(p) This queries this year using the specified query strategy object. The {@code TemporalQuery} object defines the logic to be used to obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand what the result of this method will be. !(p) The result of this method is obtained by invoking the {@link TemporalQuery#queryFrom(TemporalAccessor)} method on the specified query passing {@code this} as the argument.

range
ValueRange range(TemporalField field)

Gets the range of valid values for the specified field. !(p) The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field. This year is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range. If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown. !(p) If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here. The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return appropriate range instances. All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}. !(p) If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.rangeRefinedBy(TemporalAccessor)} passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field.

super_query
R super_query(TemporalQuery!(R) query)
Undocumented in source. Be warned that the author may not have intended to support it.
super_range
ValueRange super_range(TemporalField field)
Undocumented in source. Be warned that the author may not have intended to support it.
toHash
size_t toHash()

A hash code for this year.

toString
string toString()

Outputs this year as a {@code string}.

until
long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit)

Calculates the amount of time until another year _in terms of the specified unit. !(p) This calculates the amount of time between two {@code Year} objects _in terms of a single {@code TemporalUnit}. The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified year. The result will be negative if the end is before the start. The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a {@code Year} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}. For example, the amount _in decades between two year can be calculated using {@code startYear.until(endYear, DECADES)}. !(p) The calculation returns a whole number, representing the number of complete units between the two years. For example, the amount _in decades between 2012 and 2031 will only be one decade as it is one year short of two decades. !(p) There are two equivalent ways of using this method. The first is to invoke this method. The second is to use {@link TemporalUnit#between(Temporal, Temporal)}: !(pre) // these two lines are equivalent amount = start.until(end, YEARS); amount = YEARS.between(start, end); </pre> The choice should be made based on which makes the code more readable. !(p) The calculation is implemented _in this method for {@link ChronoUnit}. The units {@code YEARS}, {@code DECADES}, {@code CENTURIES}, {@code MILLENNIA} and {@code ERAS} are supported. Other {@code ChronoUnit} values will throw an exception. !(p) If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)} passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal as the second argument. !(p) This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

writeExternal
void writeExternal(DataOutput _out)

Defend against malicious streams.

Static functions

from
Year from(TemporalAccessor temporal)

Obtains an instance of {@code Year} from a temporal object. !(p) This obtains a year based on the specified temporal. A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents an arbitrary set of date and time information, which this factory converts to an instance of {@code Year}. !(p) The conversion extracts the {@link ChronoField#YEAR year} field. The extraction is only permitted if the temporal object has an ISO chronology, or can be converted to a {@code LocalDate}. !(p) This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery} allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, {@code Year.from}.

isLeap
bool isLeap(long year)

Checks if the year is a leap year, according to the ISO proleptic calendar system rules. !(p) This method applies the current rules for leap years across the whole time-line. In general, a year is a leap year if it is divisible by four without remainder. However, years divisible by 100, are not leap years, with the exception of years divisible by 400 which are. !(p) For example, 1904 is a leap year it is divisible by 4. 1900 was not a leap year as it is divisible by 100, however 2000 was a leap year as it is divisible by 400. !(p) The calculation is proleptic - applying the same rules into the far future and far past. This is historically inaccurate, but is correct for the ISO-8601 standard.

now
Year now()

Obtains the current year from the system clock _in the default time-zone. !(p) This will query the {@link Clock#systemDefaultZone() system clock} _in the default time-zone to obtain the current year. !(p) Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing because the clock is hard-coded.

now
Year now(ZoneId zone)

Obtains the current year from the system clock _in the specified time-zone. !(p) This will query the {@link Clock#system(ZoneId) system clock} to obtain the current year. Specifying the time-zone avoids dependence on the default time-zone. !(p) Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing because the clock is hard-coded.

now
Year now(Clock clock)

Obtains the current year from the specified clock. !(p) This will query the specified clock to obtain the current year. Using this method allows the use of an alternate clock for testing. The alternate clock may be introduced using {@link Clock dependency injection}.

of
Year of(int isoYear)

Obtains an instance of {@code Year}. !(p) This method accepts a year value from the proleptic ISO calendar system. !(p) The year 2AD/CE is represented by 2.!(br) The year 1AD/CE is represented by 1.!(br) The year 1BC/BCE is represented by 0.!(br) The year 2BC/BCE is represented by -1.!(br)

readExternal
Year readExternal(DataInput _in)
Undocumented in source. Be warned that the author may not have intended to support it.

Variables

MAX_VALUE
enum int MAX_VALUE;

The maximum supported year, '+999,999,999'.

MIN_VALUE
enum int MIN_VALUE;

The minimum supported year, '-999,999,999'.

Inherited Members

From Temporal

isSupported
bool isSupported(TemporalUnit unit)

Checks if the specified unit is supported. !(p) This checks if the specified unit can be added to, or subtracted from, this date-time. If false, then calling the {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)} and {@link #minus(long, TemporalUnit) minus} methods will throw an exception.

isSupported
bool isSupported(TemporalField field)
Undocumented in source.
_with
Temporal _with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster)

Returns an adjusted object of the same type as this object with the adjustment made. !(p) This adjusts this date-time according to the rules of the specified adjuster. A simple adjuster might simply set the one of the fields, such as the year field. A more complex adjuster might set the date to the last day of the month. A selection of common adjustments is provided _in {@link hunt.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters TemporalAdjusters}. These include finding the "last day of the month" and "next Wednesday". The adjuster is responsible for handling special cases, such as the varying lengths of month and leap years. !(p) Some example code indicating how and why this method is used: !(pre) date = date._with(Month.JULY); // most key classes implement TemporalAdjuster date = date._with(lastDayOfMonth()); // static import from Adjusters date = date._with(next(WEDNESDAY)); // static import from Adjusters and DayOfWeek </pre>

_with
Temporal _with(TemporalField field, long newValue)

Returns an object of the same type as this object with the specified field altered. !(p) This returns a new object based on this one with the value for the specified field changed. For example, on a {@code LocalDate}, this could be used to set the year, month or day-of-month. The returned object will have the same observable type as this object. !(p) In some cases, changing a field is not fully defined. For example, if the target object is a date representing the 31st January, then changing the month to February would be unclear. In cases like this, the field is responsible for resolving the result. Typically it will choose the previous valid date, which would be the last valid day of February _in this example.

plus
Temporal plus(TemporalAmount amount)

Returns an object of the same type as this object with an amount added. !(p) This adjusts this temporal, adding according to the rules of the specified amount. The amount is typically a {@link hunt.time.Period} but may be any other type implementing the {@link TemporalAmount} interface, such as {@link hunt.time.Duration}. !(p) Some example code indicating how and why this method is used: !(pre) date = date.plus(period); // add a Period instance date = date.plus(duration); // add a Duration instance date = date.plus(workingDays(6)); // example user-written workingDays method </pre> !(p) Note that calling {@code plus} followed by {@code minus} is not guaranteed to return the same date-time.

plus
Temporal plus(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit)

Returns an object of the same type as this object with the specified period added. !(p) This method returns a new object based on this one with the specified period added. For example, on a {@code LocalDate}, this could be used to add a number of years, months or days. The returned object will have the same observable type as this object. !(p) In some cases, changing a field is not fully defined. For example, if the target object is a date representing the 31st January, then adding one month would be unclear. In cases like this, the field is responsible for resolving the result. Typically it will choose the previous valid date, which would be the last valid day of February _in this example.

minus
Temporal minus(TemporalAmount amount)

Returns an object of the same type as this object with an amount subtracted. !(p) This adjusts this temporal, subtracting according to the rules of the specified amount. The amount is typically a {@link hunt.time.Period} but may be any other type implementing the {@link TemporalAmount} interface, such as {@link hunt.time.Duration}. !(p) Some example code indicating how and why this method is used: !(pre) date = date.minus(period); // subtract a Period instance date = date.minus(duration); // subtract a Duration instance date = date.minus(workingDays(6)); // example user-written workingDays method </pre> !(p) Note that calling {@code plus} followed by {@code minus} is not guaranteed to return the same date-time.

minus
Temporal minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit)

Returns an object of the same type as this object with the specified period subtracted. !(p) This method returns a new object based on this one with the specified period subtracted. For example, on a {@code LocalDate}, this could be used to subtract a number of years, months or days. The returned object will have the same observable type as this object. !(p) In some cases, changing a field is not fully defined. For example, if the target object is a date representing the 31st March, then subtracting one month would be unclear. In cases like this, the field is responsible for resolving the result. Typically it will choose the previous valid date, which would be the last valid day of February _in this example.

until
long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit)

Calculates the amount of time until another temporal _in terms of the specified unit. !(p) This calculates the amount of time between two temporal objects _in terms of a single {@code TemporalUnit}. The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified temporal. The end point is converted to be of the same type as the start point if different. The result will be negative if the end is before the start. For example, the amount _in hours between two temporal objects can be calculated using {@code startTime.until(endTime, HOURS)}. !(p) The calculation returns a whole number, representing the number of complete units between the two temporals. For example, the amount _in hours between the times 11:30 and 13:29 will only be one hour as it is one minute short of two hours. !(p) There are two equivalent ways of using this method. The first is to invoke this method directly. The second is to use {@link TemporalUnit#between(Temporal, Temporal)}: !(pre) // these two lines are equivalent temporal = start.until(end, unit); temporal = unit.between(start, end); </pre> The choice should be made based on which makes the code more readable. !(p) For example, this method allows the number of days between two dates to be calculated: !(pre) long daysBetween = start.until(end, DAYS); // or alternatively long daysBetween = DAYS.between(start, end); </pre>

From TemporalAdjuster

adjustInto
Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal)

Adjusts the specified temporal object. !(p) This adjusts the specified temporal object using the logic encapsulated _in the implementing class. Examples might be an adjuster that sets the date avoiding weekends, or one that sets the date to the last day of the month. !(p) There are two equivalent ways of using this method. The first is to invoke this method directly. The second is to use {@link Temporal#_with(TemporalAdjuster)}: !(pre) // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended temporal = thisAdjuster.adjustInto(temporal); temporal = temporal._with(thisAdjuster); </pre> It is recommended to use the second approach, {@code _with(TemporalAdjuster)}, as it is a lot clearer to read _in code.

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