/*
 * hunt-time: A time library for D programming language.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2015-2018 HuntLabs
 *
 * Website: https://www.huntlabs.net/
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache-2.0 License.
 *
 */

module hunt.time.LocalDate;

import hunt.time.LocalTime;

import hunt.stream.DataInput;
import hunt.stream.DataOutput;
import hunt.Exceptions;
import hunt.Long;
import hunt.stream.Common;
import hunt.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDate;
import hunt.time.chrono.IsoEra;
import hunt.time.chrono.IsoChronology;
// import hunt.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import hunt.time.format.DateTimeParseException;
import hunt.time.temporal.ChronoField;
import hunt.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
import hunt.time.temporal.Temporal;
import hunt.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
import hunt.time.temporal.TemporalAdjuster;
import hunt.time.temporal.TemporalAmount;
import hunt.time.temporal.TemporalField;
import hunt.time.temporal.TemporalQueries;
import hunt.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
import hunt.time.temporal.TemporalUnit;
import hunt.time.Exceptions;
import hunt.time.temporal.ValueRange;
import hunt.time.zone.ZoneOffsetTransition;
import hunt.time.zone.ZoneRules;
import hunt.time.ZoneId;
import hunt.time.Clock;
import hunt.time.Month;
import hunt.time.Instant;
import hunt.time.DayOfWeek;
import hunt.time.Period;
import hunt.time.LocalDateTime;
import hunt.time.OffsetDateTime;
import hunt.time.OffsetTime;
import hunt.time.ZonedDateTime;
import hunt.time.ZoneOffset;
import hunt.time.Year;
import hunt.time.Exceptions;
import hunt.util.StringBuilder;
import hunt.math.Helper;
import hunt.time.Ser;
import hunt.util.Comparator;
import hunt.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDateTime;
import hunt.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl;
import hunt.time.util.QueryHelper;
import hunt.logging;
// import hunt.time.util.Common;

// import hunt.util.stream.LongStream;
// import hunt.util.stream.Stream;

import hunt.util.Common;
// import hunt.serialization.JsonSerializer;

import std.algorithm.comparison;
import std.conv;
import std.concurrency : initOnce;

/**
 * A date without a time-zone _in the ISO-8601 calendar system,
 * such as {@code 2007-12-03}.
 * !(p)
 * {@code LocalDate} is an immutable date-time object that represents a date,
 * often viewed as year-month-day. Other date fields, such as day-of-year,
 * day-of-week and week-of-year, can also be accessed.
 * For example, the value "2nd October 2007" can be stored _in a {@code LocalDate}.
 * !(p)
 * This class does not store or represent a time or time-zone.
 * Instead, it is a description of the date, as used for birthdays.
 * It cannot represent an instant on the time-line without additional information
 * such as an offset or time-zone.
 * !(p)
 * The ISO-8601 calendar system is the modern civil calendar system used today
 * _in most of the world. It is equivalent to the proleptic Gregorian calendar
 * system, _in which today's rules for leap years are applied for all time.
 * For most applications written today, the ISO-8601 rules are entirely suitable.
 * However, any application that makes use of historical dates, and requires them
 * to be accurate will find the ISO-8601 approach unsuitable.
 *
 * !(p)
 * This is a <a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/doc-files/ValueBased.html">value-based</a>
 * class; use of identity-sensitive operations (including reference equality
 * ({@code ==}), identity hash code, or synchronization) on instances of
 * {@code LocalDate} may have unpredictable results and should be avoided.
 * The {@code equals} method should be used for comparisons.
 *
 * @implSpec
 * This class is immutable and thread-safe.
 *
 * @since 1.8
 */


public  class LocalDate
        : Temporal, TemporalAdjuster, ChronoLocalDate { // , Serializable

    /**
     * The minimum supported {@code LocalDate}, '-999999999-01-01'.
     * This could be used by an application as a "far past" date.
     */
    static LocalDate MIN() {
        __gshared LocalDate _MIN;
        return initOnce!(_MIN)(LocalDate.of(Year.MIN_VALUE, 1, 1));
    }

    /**
     * The maximum supported {@code LocalDate}, '+999999999-12-31'.
     * This could be used by an application as a "far future" date.
     */
    static LocalDate MAX() {
        __gshared LocalDate _MAX;
        return initOnce!(_MAX)(LocalDate.of(Year.MAX_VALUE, 1, 1));
    }
    
    /**
     * The epoch year {@code LocalDate}, '1970-01-01'.
     */
    static LocalDate EPOCH() {
        __gshared LocalDate _EPOCH;
        return initOnce!(_EPOCH)(LocalDate.of(1970, 1, 1));
    }

    /**
     * The number of days _in a 400 year cycle.
     */
    private enum int DAYS_PER_CYCLE = 146097;
    /**
     * The number of days from year zero to year 1970.
     * There are five 400 year cycles from year zero to 2000.
     * There are 7 leap years from 1970 to 2000.
     */
    enum long DAYS_0000_TO_1970 = (DAYS_PER_CYCLE * 5L) - (30L * 365L + 7L);

    /**
     * The year.
     */
    private  int year;
    /**
     * The month-of-year.
     */
    private  short month;
    /**
     * The day-of-month.
     */
    private  short day;

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Obtains the current date from the system clock _in the default time-zone.
     * !(p)
     * This will query the {@link Clock#systemDefaultZone() system clock} _in the default
     * time-zone to obtain the current date.
     * !(p)
     * Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing
     * because the clock is hard-coded.
     *
     * @return the current date using the system clock and default time-zone, not null
     */
    public static LocalDate now() {
        return now(Clock.systemDefaultZone());
    }

    /**
     * Obtains the current date from the system clock _in the specified time-zone.
     * !(p)
     * This will query the {@link Clock#system(ZoneId) system clock} to obtain the current date.
     * Specifying the time-zone avoids dependence on the default time-zone.
     * !(p)
     * Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing
     * because the clock is hard-coded.
     *
     * @param zone  the zone ID to use, not null
     * @return the current date using the system clock, not null
     */
    public static LocalDate now(ZoneId zone) {
        return now(Clock.system(zone));
    }

    /**
     * Obtains the current date from the specified clock.
     * !(p)
     * This will query the specified clock to obtain the current date - today.
     * Using this method allows the use of an alternate clock for testing.
     * The alternate clock may be introduced using {@link Clock dependency injection}.
     *
     * @param clock  the clock to use, not null
     * @return the current date, not null
     */
    public static LocalDate now(Clock clock) {
        assert(clock, "clock");
        Instant now = clock.instant();  // called once
        return ofInstant(now, clock.getZone());
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code LocalDate} from a year, month and day.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified year, month and day-of-month.
     * The day must be valid for the year and month, otherwise an exception will be thrown.
     *
     * @param year  the year to represent, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
     * @param month  the month-of-year to represent, not null
     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month to represent, from 1 to 31
     * @return the local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the value of any field is _out of range,
     *  or if the day-of-month is invalid for the month-year
     */
    public static LocalDate of(int year, Month month, int dayOfMonth) {
        ChronoField.YEAR.checkValidValue(year);
        assert(month, "month");
        ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH.checkValidValue(dayOfMonth);
        return create(year, month.getValue(), dayOfMonth);
    }

    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code LocalDate} from a year, month and day.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified year, month and day-of-month.
     * The day must be valid for the year and month, otherwise an exception will be thrown.
     *
     * @param year  the year to represent, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
     * @param month  the month-of-year to represent, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)
     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month to represent, from 1 to 31
     * @return the local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the value of any field is _out of range,
     *  or if the day-of-month is invalid for the month-year
     */
    public static LocalDate of(int year, int month, int dayOfMonth) {
        if(ChronoField.YEAR is null)
        {
            error("ChronoField.YEAR is null");
        }
        ChronoField.YEAR.checkValidValue(year);
        ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR.checkValidValue(month);
        ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH.checkValidValue(dayOfMonth);
        return create(year, month, dayOfMonth);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code LocalDate} from a year and day-of-year.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified year and day-of-year.
     * The day-of-year must be valid for the year, otherwise an exception will be thrown.
     *
     * @param year  the year to represent, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
     * @param dayOfYear  the day-of-year to represent, from 1 to 366
     * @return the local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the value of any field is _out of range,
     *  or if the day-of-year is invalid for the year
     */
    public static LocalDate ofYearDay(int year, int dayOfYear) {
        ChronoField.YEAR.checkValidValue(year);
        ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR.checkValidValue(dayOfYear);
        bool leap = IsoChronology.INSTANCE.isLeapYear(year);
        if (dayOfYear == 366 && leap == false) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid date 'DayOfYear 366' as '" ~ year.to!string ~ "' is not a leap year");
        }
        Month moy = Month.of((dayOfYear - 1) / 31 + 1);
        int monthEnd = moy.firstDayOfYear(leap) + moy.length(leap) - 1;
        if (dayOfYear > monthEnd) {
            moy = moy.plus(1);
        }
        int dom = dayOfYear - moy.firstDayOfYear(leap) + 1;
        return new LocalDate(year, moy.getValue(), dom);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code LocalDate} from an {@code Instant} and zone ID.
     * !(p)
     * This creates a local date based on the specified instant.
     * First, the offset from UTC/Greenwich is obtained using the zone ID and instant,
     * which is simple as there is only one valid offset for each instant.
     * Then, the instant and offset are used to calculate the local date.
     *
     * @param instant  the instant to create the date from, not null
     * @param zone  the time-zone, which may be an offset, not null
     * @return the local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported range
     * @since 9
     */
    public static LocalDate ofInstant(Instant instant, ZoneId zone) {
        assert(instant, "instant");
        assert(zone, "zone");
        ZoneRules rules = zone.getRules();
        ZoneOffset offset = rules.getOffset(instant);
        long localSecond = instant.getEpochSecond() + offset.getTotalSeconds();
        long localEpochDay = MathHelper.floorDiv(localSecond , LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_DAY);
        return ofEpochDay(localEpochDay);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code LocalDate} from the epoch day count.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified epoch-day.
     * The {@link ChronoField#EPOCH_DAY EPOCH_DAY} is a simple incrementing count
     * of days where day 0 is 1970-01-01. Negative numbers represent earlier days.
     *
     * @param epochDay  the Epoch Day to convert, based on the epoch 1970-01-01
     * @return the local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the epoch day exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public static LocalDate ofEpochDay(long epochDay) {
        ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY.checkValidValue(epochDay);
        long zeroDay = epochDay + DAYS_0000_TO_1970;
        // find the march-based year
        zeroDay -= 60;  // adjust to 0000-03-01 so leap day is at end of four year cycle
        long adjust = 0;
        if (zeroDay < 0) {
            // adjust negative years to positive for calculation
            long adjustCycles = (zeroDay + 1) / DAYS_PER_CYCLE - 1;
            adjust = adjustCycles * 400;
            zeroDay += -adjustCycles * DAYS_PER_CYCLE;
        }
        long yearEst = (400 * zeroDay + 591) / DAYS_PER_CYCLE;
        long doyEst = zeroDay - (365 * yearEst + yearEst / 4 - yearEst / 100 + yearEst / 400);
        if (doyEst < 0) {
            // fix estimate
            yearEst--;
            doyEst = zeroDay - (365 * yearEst + yearEst / 4 - yearEst / 100 + yearEst / 400);
        }
        yearEst += adjust;  // reset any negative year
        int marchDoy0 = cast(int) doyEst;

        // convert march-based values back to january-based
        int marchMonth0 = (marchDoy0 * 5 + 2) / 153;
        int month = (marchMonth0 + 2) % 12 + 1;
        int dom = marchDoy0 - (marchMonth0 * 306 + 5) / 10 + 1;
        yearEst += marchMonth0 / 10;

        // check year now we are certain it is correct
        int year = ChronoField.YEAR.checkValidIntValue(yearEst);
        return new LocalDate(year, month, dom);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code LocalDate} from a temporal object.
     * !(p)
     * This obtains a local date based on the specified temporal.
     * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
     * which this factory converts to an instance of {@code LocalDate}.
     * !(p)
     * The conversion uses the {@link TemporalQueries#localDate()} query, which relies
     * on extracting the {@link ChronoField#EPOCH_DAY EPOCH_DAY} field.
     * !(p)
     * This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}
     * allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, {@code LocalDate.from}.
     *
     * @param temporal  the temporal object to convert, not null
     * @return the local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to a {@code LocalDate}
     */
    public static LocalDate from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
        assert(temporal !is null, "temporal is null");
        LocalDate date = queryFrom(temporal); // QueryHelper.query!LocalDate(temporal, TemporalQueries.localDate());
        if (date is null) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain LocalDate from TemporalAccessor: " ~
                    (cast(Object)temporal).stringof ~ " of type " ~ typeid(cast(Object)temporal).name);
        }
        return date;
    }

    private static LocalDate queryFrom(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
        if (temporal.isSupported(ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY)) {
                return LocalDate.ofEpochDay(temporal.getLong(ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY));
        }
        return null;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code LocalDate} from a text string such as {@code 2007-12-03}.
     * !(p)
     * The string must represent a valid date and is parsed using
     * {@link hunt.time.format.DateTimeFormatter#ISO_LOCAL_DATE}.
     *
     * @param text  the text to parse such as "2007-12-03", not null
     * @return the parsed local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeParseException if the text cannot be parsed
     */
    // public static LocalDate parse(string text) {
    //     return parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE);
    // }

    /**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code LocalDate} from a text string using a specific formatter.
     * !(p)
     * The text is parsed using the formatter, returning a date.
     *
     * @param text  the text to parse, not null
     * @param formatter  the formatter to use, not null
     * @return the parsed local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeParseException if the text cannot be parsed
     */
    // public static LocalDate parse(string text, DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
    //     assert(formatter, "formatter");
    //     return formatter.parse(text, new class TemporalQuery!LocalDate{
    //         LocalDate queryFrom(TemporalAccessor temporal)
    //         {
    //             assert(temporal, "temporal");
    //             LocalDate date = QueryHelper.query!LocalDate(temporal , TemporalQueries.localDate());
    //             if (date is null) {
    //                 throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain LocalDate from TemporalAccessor: " ~
    //                         typeid(temporal).stringof ~ " of type " ~ typeid(temporal).stringof);
    //             }
    //             return date;
    //         }
    //     });
            
    // }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Creates a local date from the year, month and day fields.
     *
     * @param year  the year to represent, validated from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
     * @param month  the month-of-year to represent, from 1 to 12, validated
     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month to represent, validated from 1 to 31
     * @return the local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the day-of-month is invalid for the month-year
     */
    private static LocalDate create(int year, int month, int dayOfMonth) {
        if (dayOfMonth > 28) {
            int dom = 31;
            switch (month) {
                case 2:
                    dom = (IsoChronology.INSTANCE.isLeapYear(year) ? 29 : 28);
                    break;
                case 4:
                case 6:
                case 9:
                case 11:
                    dom = 30;
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            if (dayOfMonth > dom) {
                if (dayOfMonth == 29) {
                    throw new DateTimeException("Invalid date 'February 29' as '" ~ year.to!string ~ "' is not a leap year");
                } else {
                    throw new DateTimeException("Invalid date '" ~ Month.of(month).name() ~ " " ~ dayOfMonth.to!string ~ "'");
                }
            }
        }
        return new LocalDate(year, month, dayOfMonth);
    }

    /**
     * Resolves the date, resolving days past the end of month.
     *
     * @param year  the year to represent, validated from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
     * @param month  the month-of-year to represent, validated from 1 to 12
     * @param day  the day-of-month to represent, validated from 1 to 31
     * @return the resolved date, not null
     */
    private static LocalDate resolvePreviousValid(int year, int month, int day) {
        switch (month) {
            case 2:
                day = /* MathHelper. */min(day, IsoChronology.INSTANCE.isLeapYear(year) ? 29 : 28);
                break;
            case 4:
            case 6:
            case 9:
            case 11:
                day = /* MathHelper. */min(day, 30);
                break;
            default:break;
        }
        return new LocalDate(year, month, day);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor, previously validated.
     *
     * @param year  the year to represent, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
     * @param month  the month-of-year to represent, not null
     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month to represent, valid for year-month, from 1 to 31
     */
    private this(int year, int month, int dayOfMonth) {
        this.year = year;
        this.month = cast(short) month;
        this.day = cast(short) dayOfMonth;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Checks if the specified field is supported.
     * !(p)
     * This checks if this date can be queried for the specified field.
     * If false, then calling the {@link #range(TemporalField) range},
     * {@link #get(TemporalField) get} and {@link #_with(TemporalField, long)}
     * methods will throw an exception.
     * !(p)
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
     * The supported fields are:
     * !(ul)
     * !(li){@code DAY_OF_WEEK}
     * !(li){@code ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH}
     * !(li){@code ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR}
     * !(li){@code DAY_OF_MONTH}
     * !(li){@code DAY_OF_YEAR}
     * !(li){@code EPOCH_DAY}
     * !(li){@code ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH}
     * !(li){@code ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR}
     * !(li){@code MONTH_OF_YEAR}
     * !(li){@code PROLEPTIC_MONTH}
     * !(li){@code YEAR_OF_ERA}
     * !(li){@code YEAR}
     * !(li){@code ERA}
     * </ul>
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will return false.
     * !(p)
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument.
     * Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.
     *
     * @param field  the field to check, null returns false
     * @return true if the field is supported on this date, false if not
     */
    override  // override for Javadoc
    public bool isSupported(TemporalField field) {
        return /* ChronoLocalDate. super.*/super_isSupported(field);
    }
    bool super_isSupported(TemporalField field) {
        if (cast(ChronoField)(field) !is null) {
            return field.isDateBased();
        }
        return field !is null && field.isSupportedBy(this);
    }
    /**
     * Checks if the specified unit is supported.
     * !(p)
     * This checks if the specified unit can be added to, or subtracted from, this date.
     * If false, then calling the {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)} and
     * {@link #minus(long, TemporalUnit) minus} methods will throw an exception.
     * !(p)
     * If the unit is a {@link ChronoUnit} then the query is implemented here.
     * The supported units are:
     * !(ul)
     * !(li){@code DAYS}
     * !(li){@code WEEKS}
     * !(li){@code MONTHS}
     * !(li){@code YEARS}
     * !(li){@code DECADES}
     * !(li){@code CENTURIES}
     * !(li){@code MILLENNIA}
     * !(li){@code ERAS}
     * </ul>
     * All other {@code ChronoUnit} instances will return false.
     * !(p)
     * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.isSupportedBy(Temporal)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument.
     * Whether the unit is supported is determined by the unit.
     *
     * @param unit  the unit to check, null returns false
     * @return true if the unit can be added/subtracted, false if not
     */
    override  // override for Javadoc
    public bool isSupported(TemporalUnit unit) {
        return /* ChronoLocalDate.super. */super_isSupported(unit);
    }
    bool super_isSupported(TemporalUnit unit) {
        if (cast(ChronoUnit)(unit) !is null) {
            return unit.isDateBased();
        }
        return unit !is null && unit.isSupportedBy(this);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.
     * !(p)
     * The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field.
     * This date is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range.
     * If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported
     * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * !(p)
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
     * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return
     * appropriate range instances.
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
     * !(p)
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.rangeRefinedBy(TemporalAccessor)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument.
     * Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field.
     *
     * @param field  the field to query the range for, not null
     * @return the range of valid values for the field, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the range for the field cannot be obtained
     * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
     */
    override
    public ValueRange range(TemporalField field) {
        if (cast(ChronoField)(field) !is null) {
            ChronoField f = cast(ChronoField) field;
            if (f.isDateBased()) {
                auto name = f.toString;
                {
                    if(name == ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH.toString) return ValueRange.of(1, lengthOfMonth());
                    if(name == ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR.toString) return ValueRange.of(1, lengthOfYear());
                    if(name == ChronoField.ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH.toString) return ValueRange.of(1, getMonth() == Month.FEBRUARY && isLeapYear() == false ? 4 : 5);
                    if(name == ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA.toString)
                        return (getYear() <= 0 ? ValueRange.of(1, Year.MAX_VALUE + 1) : ValueRange.of(1, Year.MAX_VALUE));
                }
                return field.range();
            }
            throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " ~ f.toString);
        }
        return field.rangeRefinedBy(this);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of the specified field from this date as an {@code int}.
     * !(p)
     * This queries this date for the value of the specified field.
     * The returned value will always be within the valid range of values for the field.
     * If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
     * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * !(p)
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
     * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid
     * values based on this date, except {@code EPOCH_DAY} and {@code PROLEPTIC_MONTH}
     * which are too large to fit _in an {@code int} and throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
     * !(p)
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
     * and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
     *
     * @param field  the field to get, not null
     * @return the value for the field
     * @throws DateTimeException if a value for the field cannot be obtained or
     *         the value is outside the range of valid values for the field
     * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported or
     *         the range of values exceeds an {@code int}
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    override  // override for Javadoc and performance
    public int get(TemporalField field) {
        if (cast(ChronoField)(field) !is null) {
            return get0(field);
        }
        return /* ChronoLocalDate. super.*/super_get(field);
    }
     int super_get(TemporalField field) {
        ValueRange range = range(field);
        if (range.isIntValue() == false) {
            throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Invalid field " ~ range.toString ~ " for get() method, use getLong() instead");
        }
        long value = getLong(field);
        if (range.isValidValue(value) == false) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid value for " ~ typeid(field).stringof ~ " (valid values " ~ range.toString ~ "): " ~ value.to!string);
        }
        return cast(int) value;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of the specified field from this date as a {@code long}.
     * !(p)
     * This queries this date for the value of the specified field.
     * If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
     * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * !(p)
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
     * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid
     * values based on this date.
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
     * !(p)
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
     * and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
     *
     * @param field  the field to get, not null
     * @return the value for the field
     * @throws DateTimeException if a value for the field cannot be obtained
     * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    override
    public long getLong(TemporalField field) {
        if (cast(ChronoField)(field) !is null) {
            if (field == ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY) {
                return toEpochDay();
            }
            if (field == ChronoField.PROLEPTIC_MONTH) {
                return getProlepticMonth();
            }
            return get0(field);
        }
        return field.getFrom(this);
    }

    private int get0(TemporalField field) {
        auto f = cast(ChronoField) field;
         {
            if(f ==  ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK) return getDayOfWeek().getValue();
            if(f ==  ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH) return ((day - 1) % 7) + 1;
            if(f ==  ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR) return ((getDayOfYear() - 1) % 7) + 1;
            if(f ==  ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH) return day;
            if(f ==  ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR) return getDayOfYear();
            if(f ==  ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY) throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Invalid field 'EpochDay' for get() method, use getLong() instead");
            if(f ==  ChronoField.ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH) return ((day - 1) / 7) + 1;
            if(f ==  ChronoField.ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR) return ((getDayOfYear() - 1) / 7) + 1;
            if(f ==  ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR) return month;
            if(f ==  ChronoField.PROLEPTIC_MONTH) throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Invalid field 'ProlepticMonth' for get() method, use getLong() instead");
            if(f ==  ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA) return (year >= 1 ? year : 1 - year);
            if(f ==  ChronoField.YEAR) return year;
            if(f ==  ChronoField.ERA) return (year >= 1 ? 1 : 0);
        }
        throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " ~ typeid(field).stringof);
    }

    private long getProlepticMonth() {
        return (year * 12L + month - 1);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Gets the chronology of this date, which is the ISO calendar system.
     * !(p)
     * The {@code Chronology} represents the calendar system _in use.
     * The ISO-8601 calendar system is the modern civil calendar system used today
     * _in most of the world. It is equivalent to the proleptic Gregorian calendar
     * system, _in which today's rules for leap years are applied for all time.
     *
     * @return the ISO chronology, not null
     */
    override
    public IsoChronology getChronology() {
        return IsoChronology.INSTANCE;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the era applicable at this date.
     * !(p)
     * The official ISO-8601 standard does not define eras, however {@code IsoChronology} does.
     * It defines two eras, 'CE' from year one onwards and 'BCE' from year zero backwards.
     * Since dates before the Julian-Gregorian cutover are not _in line with history,
     * the cutover between 'BCE' and 'CE' is also not aligned with the commonly used
     * eras, often referred to using 'BC' and 'AD'.
     * !(p)
     * Users of this class should typically ignore this method as it exists primarily
     * to fulfill the {@link ChronoLocalDate} contract where it is necessary to support
     * the Japanese calendar system.
     *
     * @return the IsoEra applicable at this date, not null
     */
    override // override for Javadoc
    public IsoEra getEra() {
        return (getYear() >= 1 ? IsoEra.CE : IsoEra.BCE);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the year field.
     * !(p)
     * This method returns the primitive {@code int} value for the year.
     * !(p)
     * The year returned by this method is proleptic as per {@code get(YEAR)}.
     * To obtain the year-of-era, use {@code get(YEAR_OF_ERA)}.
     *
     * @return the year, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
     */
    public int getYear() nothrow {
        return year;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the month-of-year field from 1 to 12.
     * !(p)
     * This method returns the month as an {@code int} from 1 to 12.
     * Application code is frequently clearer if the enum {@link Month}
     * is used by calling {@link #getMonth()}.
     *
     * @return the month-of-year, from 1 to 12
     * @see #getMonth()
     */
    public int getMonthValue() nothrow {
        return month;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the month-of-year field using the {@code Month} enum.
     * !(p)
     * This method returns the enum {@link Month} for the month.
     * This avoids confusion as to what {@code int} values mean.
     * If you need access to the primitive {@code int} value then the enum
     * provides the {@link Month#getValue() int value}.
     *
     * @return the month-of-year, not null
     * @see #getMonthValue()
     */
    public Month getMonth() nothrow {
        try {
            return Month.of(month);
        } catch (Exception) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the day-of-month field.
     * !(p)
     * This method returns the primitive {@code int} value for the day-of-month.
     *
     * @return the day-of-month, from 1 to 31
     */
    public int getDayOfMonth() nothrow {
        return day;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the day-of-year field.
     * !(p)
     * This method returns the primitive {@code int} value for the day-of-year.
     *
     * @return the day-of-year, from 1 to 365, or 366 _in a leap year
     */
    public int getDayOfYear() {
        return getMonth().firstDayOfYear(isLeapYear()) + day - 1;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the day-of-week field, which is an enum {@code DayOfWeek}.
     * !(p)
     * This method returns the enum {@link DayOfWeek} for the day-of-week.
     * This avoids confusion as to what {@code int} values mean.
     * If you need access to the primitive {@code int} value then the enum
     * provides the {@link DayOfWeek#getValue() int value}.
     * !(p)
     * Additional information can be obtained from the {@code DayOfWeek}.
     * This includes textual names of the values.
     *
     * @return the day-of-week, not null
     */
    public DayOfWeek getDayOfWeek() {
        int dow0 = MathHelper.floorMod((toEpochDay() + 3), 7);
        return DayOfWeek.of(dow0 + 1);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Checks if the year is a leap year, according to the ISO proleptic
     * calendar system rules.
     * !(p)
     * This method applies the current rules for leap years across the whole time-line.
     * In general, a year is a leap year if it is divisible by four without
     * remainder. However, years divisible by 100, are not leap years, with
     * the exception of years divisible by 400 which are.
     * !(p)
     * For example, 1904 is a leap year it is divisible by 4.
     * 1900 was not a leap year as it is divisible by 100, however 2000 was a
     * leap year as it is divisible by 400.
     * !(p)
     * The calculation is proleptic - applying the same rules into the far future and far past.
     * This is historically inaccurate, but is correct for the ISO-8601 standard.
     *
     * @return true if the year is leap, false otherwise
     */
    override // override for Javadoc and performance
    public bool isLeapYear() {
        return IsoChronology.INSTANCE.isLeapYear(year);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the length of the month represented by this date.
     * !(p)
     * This returns the length of the month _in days.
     * For example, a date _in January would return 31.
     *
     * @return the length of the month _in days
     */
    override
    public int lengthOfMonth() {
        switch (month) {
            case 2:
                return (isLeapYear() ? 29 : 28);
            case 4:
            case 6:
            case 9:
            case 11:
                return 30;
            default:
                return 31;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the length of the year represented by this date.
     * !(p)
     * This returns the length of the year _in days, either 365 or 366.
     *
     * @return 366 if the year is leap, 365 otherwise
     */
    override // override for Javadoc and performance
    public int lengthOfYear() {
        return (isLeapYear() ? 366 : 365);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns an adjusted copy of this date.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDate}, based on this one, with the date adjusted.
     * The adjustment takes place using the specified adjuster strategy object.
     * Read the documentation of the adjuster to understand what adjustment will be made.
     * !(p)
     * A simple adjuster might simply set the one of the fields, such as the year field.
     * A more complex adjuster might set the date to the last day of the month.
     * !(p)
     * A selection of common adjustments is provided _in
     * {@link hunt.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters TemporalAdjusters}.
     * These include finding the "last day of the month" and "next Wednesday".
     * Key date-time classes also implement the {@code TemporalAdjuster} interface,
     * such as {@link Month} and {@link hunt.time.MonthDay MonthDay}.
     * The adjuster is responsible for handling special cases, such as the varying
     * lengths of month and leap years.
     * !(p)
     * For example this code returns a date on the last day of July:
     * !(pre)
     *  import hunt.time.Month.*;
     *  import hunt.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters.*;
     *
     *  result = localDate._with(JULY)._with(lastDayOfMonth());
     * </pre>
     * !(p)
     * The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
     * {@link TemporalAdjuster#adjustInto(Temporal)} method on the
     * specified adjuster passing {@code this} as the argument.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param adjuster the adjuster to use, not null
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on {@code this} with the adjustment made, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the adjustment cannot be made
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    override
    public LocalDate _with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster) {
        // optimizations
        if (cast(LocalDate)(adjuster) !is null) {
            return cast(LocalDate) adjuster;
        }
        return cast(LocalDate) adjuster.adjustInto(this);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified field set to a new value.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDate}, based on this one, with the value
     * for the specified field changed.
     * This can be used to change any supported field, such as the year, month or day-of-month.
     * If it is not possible to set the value, because the field is not supported or for
     * some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * !(p)
     * In some cases, changing the specified field can cause the resulting date to become invalid,
     * such as changing the month from 31st January to February would make the day-of-month invalid.
     * In cases like this, the field is responsible for resolving the date. Typically it will choose
     * the previous valid date, which would be the last valid day of February _in this example.
     * !(p)
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the adjustment is implemented here.
     * The supported fields behave as follows:
     * !(ul)
     * !(li){@code DAY_OF_WEEK} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified day-of-week.
     *  The date is adjusted up to 6 days forward or backward within the boundary
     *  of a Monday to Sunday week.
     * !(li){@code ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified aligned-day-of-week.
     *  The date is adjusted to the specified month-based aligned-day-of-week.
     *  Aligned weeks are counted such that the first week of a given month starts
     *  on the first day of that month.
     *  This may cause the date to be moved up to 6 days into the following month.
     * !(li){@code ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified aligned-day-of-week.
     *  The date is adjusted to the specified year-based aligned-day-of-week.
     *  Aligned weeks are counted such that the first week of a given year starts
     *  on the first day of that year.
     *  This may cause the date to be moved up to 6 days into the following year.
     * !(li){@code DAY_OF_MONTH} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified day-of-month.
     *  The month and year will be unchanged. If the day-of-month is invalid for the
     *  year and month, then a {@code DateTimeException} is thrown.
     * !(li){@code DAY_OF_YEAR} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified day-of-year.
     *  The year will be unchanged. If the day-of-year is invalid for the
     *  year, then a {@code DateTimeException} is thrown.
     * !(li){@code EPOCH_DAY} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified epoch-day.
     *  This completely replaces the date and is equivalent to {@link #ofEpochDay(long)}.
     * !(li){@code ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified aligned-week-of-month.
     *  Aligned weeks are counted such that the first week of a given month starts
     *  on the first day of that month.
     *  This adjustment moves the date _in whole week chunks to match the specified week.
     *  The result will have the same day-of-week as this date.
     *  This may cause the date to be moved into the following month.
     * !(li){@code ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified aligned-week-of-year.
     *  Aligned weeks are counted such that the first week of a given year starts
     *  on the first day of that year.
     *  This adjustment moves the date _in whole week chunks to match the specified week.
     *  The result will have the same day-of-week as this date.
     *  This may cause the date to be moved into the following year.
     * !(li){@code MONTH_OF_YEAR} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified month-of-year.
     *  The year will be unchanged. The day-of-month will also be unchanged,
     *  unless it would be invalid for the new month and year. In that case, the
     *  day-of-month is adjusted to the maximum valid value for the new month and year.
     * !(li){@code PROLEPTIC_MONTH} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified proleptic-month.
     *  The day-of-month will be unchanged, unless it would be invalid for the new month
     *  and year. In that case, the day-of-month is adjusted to the maximum valid value
     *  for the new month and year.
     * !(li){@code YEAR_OF_ERA} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified year-of-era.
     *  The era and month will be unchanged. The day-of-month will also be unchanged,
     *  unless it would be invalid for the new month and year. In that case, the
     *  day-of-month is adjusted to the maximum valid value for the new month and year.
     * !(li){@code YEAR} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified year.
     *  The month will be unchanged. The day-of-month will also be unchanged,
     *  unless it would be invalid for the new month and year. In that case, the
     *  day-of-month is adjusted to the maximum valid value for the new month and year.
     * !(li){@code ERA} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified era.
     *  The year-of-era and month will be unchanged. The day-of-month will also be unchanged,
     *  unless it would be invalid for the new month and year. In that case, the
     *  day-of-month is adjusted to the maximum valid value for the new month and year.
     * </ul>
     * !(p)
     * In all cases, if the new value is outside the valid range of values for the field
     * then a {@code DateTimeException} will be thrown.
     * !(p)
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
     * !(p)
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.adjustInto(Temporal, long)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument. In this case, the field determines
     * whether and how to adjust the instant.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param field  the field to set _in the result, not null
     * @param newValue  the new value of the field _in the result
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on {@code this} with the specified field set, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the field cannot be set
     * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    override
    public LocalDate _with(TemporalField field, long newValue) {
        if (cast(ChronoField)(field) !is null) {
            ChronoField f = cast(ChronoField) field;
            f.checkValidValue(newValue);
             {
                if( f == ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK) return plusDays(newValue - getDayOfWeek().getValue());
                if( f == ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH) return plusDays(newValue - getLong(ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH));
                if( f == ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR) return plusDays(newValue - getLong(ChronoField.ALIGNED_DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_YEAR));
                if( f == ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH) return withDayOfMonth(cast(int) newValue);
                if( f == ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR) return withDayOfYear(cast(int) newValue);
                if( f == ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY) return LocalDate.ofEpochDay(newValue);
                if( f == ChronoField.ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH) return plusWeeks(newValue - getLong(ChronoField.ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH));
                if( f == ChronoField.ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR) return plusWeeks(newValue - getLong(ChronoField.ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_YEAR));
                if( f == ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR) return withMonth(cast(int) newValue);
                if( f == ChronoField.PROLEPTIC_MONTH) return plusMonths(newValue - getProlepticMonth());
                if( f == ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA) return withYear(cast(int) (year >= 1 ? newValue : 1 - newValue));
                if( f == ChronoField.YEAR) return withYear(cast(int) newValue);
                if( f == ChronoField.ERA) return (getLong(ChronoField.ERA) == newValue ? this : withYear(1 - year));
            }
            throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " ~ f.toString);
        }
        return cast(LocalDate)(field.adjustInto(this, newValue));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code LocalDate} with the year altered.
     * !(p)
     * If the day-of-month is invalid for the year, it will be changed to the last valid day of the month.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param year  the year to set _in the result, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the requested year, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the year value is invalid
     */
    public LocalDate withYear(int year) {
        if (this.year == year) {
            return this;
        }
        ChronoField.YEAR.checkValidValue(year);
        return resolvePreviousValid(year, month, day);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code LocalDate} with the month-of-year altered.
     * !(p)
     * If the day-of-month is invalid for the year, it will be changed to the last valid day of the month.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param month  the month-of-year to set _in the result, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the requested month, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the month-of-year value is invalid
     */
    public LocalDate withMonth(int month) {
        if (this.month == month) {
            return this;
        }
        ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR.checkValidValue(month);
        return resolvePreviousValid(year, month, day);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code LocalDate} with the day-of-month altered.
     * !(p)
     * If the resulting date is invalid, an exception is thrown.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month to set _in the result, from 1 to 28-31
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the requested day, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the day-of-month value is invalid,
     *  or if the day-of-month is invalid for the month-year
     */
    public LocalDate withDayOfMonth(int dayOfMonth) {
        if (this.day == dayOfMonth) {
            return this;
        }
        return of(year, month, dayOfMonth);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code LocalDate} with the day-of-year altered.
     * !(p)
     * If the resulting date is invalid, an exception is thrown.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param dayOfYear  the day-of-year to set _in the result, from 1 to 365-366
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the requested day, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the day-of-year value is invalid,
     *  or if the day-of-year is invalid for the year
     */
    public LocalDate withDayOfYear(int dayOfYear) {
        if (this.getDayOfYear() == dayOfYear) {
            return this;
        }
        return ofYearDay(year, dayOfYear);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified amount added.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDate}, based on this one, with the specified amount added.
     * The amount is typically {@link Period} but may be any other type implementing
     * the {@link TemporalAmount} interface.
     * !(p)
     * The calculation is delegated to the amount object by calling
     * {@link TemporalAmount#addTo(Temporal)}. The amount implementation is free
     * to implement the addition _in any way it wishes, however it typically
     * calls back to {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)}. Consult the documentation
     * of the amount implementation to determine if it can be successfully added.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param amountToAdd  the amount to add, not null
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the addition made, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the addition cannot be made
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    override
    public LocalDate plus(TemporalAmount amountToAdd) {
        if (cast(Period)(amountToAdd) !is null) {
            Period periodToAdd = cast(Period) amountToAdd;
            return plusMonths(periodToAdd.toTotalMonths()).plusDays(periodToAdd.getDays());
        }
        assert(amountToAdd, "amountToAdd");
        return cast(LocalDate) amountToAdd.addTo(this);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified amount added.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDate}, based on this one, with the amount
     * _in terms of the unit added. If it is not possible to add the amount, because the
     * unit is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * !(p)
     * In some cases, adding the amount can cause the resulting date to become invalid.
     * For example, adding one month to 31st January would result _in 31st February.
     * In cases like this, the unit is responsible for resolving the date.
     * Typically it will choose the previous valid date, which would be the last valid
     * day of February _in this example.
     * !(p)
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoUnit} then the addition is implemented here.
     * The supported fields behave as follows:
     * !(ul)
     * !(li){@code DAYS} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of days added.
     *  This is equivalent to {@link #plusDays(long)}.
     * !(li){@code WEEKS} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of weeks added.
     *  This is equivalent to {@link #plusWeeks(long)} and uses a 7 day week.
     * !(li){@code MONTHS} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of months added.
     *  This is equivalent to {@link #plusMonths(long)}.
     *  The day-of-month will be unchanged unless it would be invalid for the new
     *  month and year. In that case, the day-of-month is adjusted to the maximum
     *  valid value for the new month and year.
     * !(li){@code YEARS} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of years added.
     *  This is equivalent to {@link #plusYears(long)}.
     *  The day-of-month will be unchanged unless it would be invalid for the new
     *  month and year. In that case, the day-of-month is adjusted to the maximum
     *  valid value for the new month and year.
     * !(li){@code DECADES} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of decades added.
     *  This is equivalent to calling {@link #plusYears(long)} with the amount
     *  multiplied by 10.
     *  The day-of-month will be unchanged unless it would be invalid for the new
     *  month and year. In that case, the day-of-month is adjusted to the maximum
     *  valid value for the new month and year.
     * !(li){@code CENTURIES} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of centuries added.
     *  This is equivalent to calling {@link #plusYears(long)} with the amount
     *  multiplied by 100.
     *  The day-of-month will be unchanged unless it would be invalid for the new
     *  month and year. In that case, the day-of-month is adjusted to the maximum
     *  valid value for the new month and year.
     * !(li){@code MILLENNIA} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of millennia added.
     *  This is equivalent to calling {@link #plusYears(long)} with the amount
     *  multiplied by 1,000.
     *  The day-of-month will be unchanged unless it would be invalid for the new
     *  month and year. In that case, the day-of-month is adjusted to the maximum
     *  valid value for the new month and year.
     * !(li){@code ERAS} -
     *  Returns a {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of eras added.
     *  Only two eras are supported so the amount must be one, zero or minus one.
     *  If the amount is non-zero then the year is changed such that the year-of-era
     *  is unchanged.
     *  The day-of-month will be unchanged unless it would be invalid for the new
     *  month and year. In that case, the day-of-month is adjusted to the maximum
     *  valid value for the new month and year.
     * </ul>
     * !(p)
     * All other {@code ChronoUnit} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
     * !(p)
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.addTo(Temporal, long)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument. In this case, the unit determines
     * whether and how to perform the addition.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param amountToAdd  the amount of the unit to add to the result, may be negative
     * @param unit  the unit of the amount to add, not null
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the specified amount added, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the addition cannot be made
     * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    override
    public LocalDate plus(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit) {
        if (cast(ChronoUnit)(unit) !is null) {
            ChronoUnit f = cast(ChronoUnit) unit;
            {
                if( f ==  ChronoUnit.DAYS) return plusDays(amountToAdd);
                if( f ==  ChronoUnit.WEEKS) return plusWeeks(amountToAdd);
                if( f ==  ChronoUnit.MONTHS) return plusMonths(amountToAdd);
                if( f ==  ChronoUnit.YEARS) return plusYears(amountToAdd);
                if( f ==  ChronoUnit.DECADES) return plusYears(MathHelper.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, 10));
                if( f ==  ChronoUnit.CENTURIES) return plusYears(MathHelper.multiplyExact(amountToAdd , 100));
                if( f ==  ChronoUnit.MILLENNIA) return plusYears(MathHelper.multiplyExact(amountToAdd , 1000));
                if( f ==  ChronoUnit.ERAS) return _with(ChronoField.ERA, MathHelper.addExact(getLong(ChronoField.ERA) , amountToAdd));
            }
            throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " ~ f.toString);
        }
        return cast(LocalDate)(unit.addTo(this, amountToAdd));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of years added.
     * !(p)
     * This method adds the specified amount to the years field _in three steps:
     * !(ol)
     * !(li)Add the input years to the year field</li>
     * !(li)Check if the resulting date would be invalid</li>
     * !(li)Adjust the day-of-month to the last valid day if necessary</li>
     * </ol>
     * !(p)
     * For example, 2008-02-29 (leap year) plus one year would result _in the
     * invalid date 2009-02-29 (standard year). Instead of returning an invalid
     * result, the last valid day of the month, 2009-02-28, is selected instead.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param yearsToAdd  the years to add, may be negative
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the years added, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public LocalDate plusYears(long yearsToAdd) {
        if (yearsToAdd == 0) {
            return this;
        }
        int newYear = ChronoField.YEAR.checkValidIntValue(year + yearsToAdd);  // safe overflow
        return resolvePreviousValid(newYear, month, day);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of months added.
     * !(p)
     * This method adds the specified amount to the months field _in three steps:
     * !(ol)
     * !(li)Add the input months to the month-of-year field</li>
     * !(li)Check if the resulting date would be invalid</li>
     * !(li)Adjust the day-of-month to the last valid day if necessary</li>
     * </ol>
     * !(p)
     * For example, 2007-03-31 plus one month would result _in the invalid date
     * 2007-04-31. Instead of returning an invalid result, the last valid day
     * of the month, 2007-04-30, is selected instead.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param monthsToAdd  the months to add, may be negative
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the months added, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public LocalDate plusMonths(long monthsToAdd) {
        if (monthsToAdd == 0) {
            return this;
        }
        long monthCount = year * 12L + (month - 1);
        long calcMonths = monthCount + monthsToAdd;  // safe overflow
        int newYear = ChronoField.YEAR.checkValidIntValue(MathHelper.floorDiv(calcMonths , 12));
        int newMonth = MathHelper.floorMod(calcMonths , 12) + 1;
        return resolvePreviousValid(newYear, newMonth, day);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of weeks added.
     * !(p)
     * This method adds the specified amount _in weeks to the days field incrementing
     * the month and year fields as necessary to ensure the result remains valid.
     * The result is only invalid if the maximum/minimum year is exceeded.
     * !(p)
     * For example, 2008-12-31 plus one week would result _in 2009-01-07.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param weeksToAdd  the weeks to add, may be negative
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the weeks added, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public LocalDate plusWeeks(long weeksToAdd) {
        return plusDays(MathHelper.multiplyExact(weeksToAdd , 7));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of days added.
     * !(p)
     * This method adds the specified amount to the days field incrementing the
     * month and year fields as necessary to ensure the result remains valid.
     * The result is only invalid if the maximum/minimum year is exceeded.
     * !(p)
     * For example, 2008-12-31 plus one day would result _in 2009-01-01.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param daysToAdd  the days to add, may be negative
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the days added, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public LocalDate plusDays(long daysToAdd) {
        if (daysToAdd == 0) {
            return this;
        }
        long dom = day + daysToAdd;
        if (dom > 0) {
            if (dom <= 28) {
                return new LocalDate(year, month, cast(int) dom);
            } else if (dom <= 59) { // 59th Jan is 28th Feb, 59th Feb is 31st Mar
                long monthLen = lengthOfMonth();
                if (dom <= monthLen) {
                    return new LocalDate(year, month, cast(int) dom);
                } else if (month < 12) {
                    return new LocalDate(year, month + 1, cast(int) (dom - monthLen));
                } else {
                    ChronoField.YEAR.checkValidValue(year + 1);
                    return new LocalDate(year + 1, 1, cast(int) (dom - monthLen));
                }
            }
        }

        long mjDay = MathHelper.addExact(toEpochDay() , daysToAdd);
        return LocalDate.ofEpochDay(mjDay);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified amount subtracted.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDate}, based on this one, with the specified amount subtracted.
     * The amount is typically {@link Period} but may be any other type implementing
     * the {@link TemporalAmount} interface.
     * !(p)
     * The calculation is delegated to the amount object by calling
     * {@link TemporalAmount#subtractFrom(Temporal)}. The amount implementation is free
     * to implement the subtraction _in any way it wishes, however it typically
     * calls back to {@link #minus(long, TemporalUnit)}. Consult the documentation
     * of the amount implementation to determine if it can be successfully subtracted.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param amountToSubtract  the amount to subtract, not null
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the subtraction made, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the subtraction cannot be made
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    override
    public LocalDate minus(TemporalAmount amountToSubtract) {
        if (cast(Period)(amountToSubtract) !is null) {
            Period periodToSubtract = cast(Period) amountToSubtract;
            return minusMonths(periodToSubtract.toTotalMonths()).minusDays(periodToSubtract.getDays());
        }
        assert(amountToSubtract, "amountToSubtract");
        return cast(LocalDate) amountToSubtract.subtractFrom(this);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this date with the specified amount subtracted.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDate}, based on this one, with the amount
     * _in terms of the unit subtracted. If it is not possible to subtract the amount,
     * because the unit is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * !(p)
     * This method is equivalent to {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)} with the amount negated.
     * See that method for a full description of how addition, and thus subtraction, works.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param amountToSubtract  the amount of the unit to subtract from the result, may be negative
     * @param unit  the unit of the amount to subtract, not null
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the specified amount subtracted, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the subtraction cannot be made
     * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    override
    public LocalDate minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit) {
        return (amountToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plus(Long.MAX_VALUE, unit).plus(1, unit) : plus(-amountToSubtract, unit));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of years subtracted.
     * !(p)
     * This method subtracts the specified amount from the years field _in three steps:
     * !(ol)
     * !(li)Subtract the input years from the year field</li>
     * !(li)Check if the resulting date would be invalid</li>
     * !(li)Adjust the day-of-month to the last valid day if necessary</li>
     * </ol>
     * !(p)
     * For example, 2008-02-29 (leap year) minus one year would result _in the
     * invalid date 2007-02-29 (standard year). Instead of returning an invalid
     * result, the last valid day of the month, 2007-02-28, is selected instead.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param yearsToSubtract  the years to subtract, may be negative
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the years subtracted, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public LocalDate minusYears(long yearsToSubtract) {
        return (yearsToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plusYears(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusYears(1) : plusYears(-yearsToSubtract));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of months subtracted.
     * !(p)
     * This method subtracts the specified amount from the months field _in three steps:
     * !(ol)
     * !(li)Subtract the input months from the month-of-year field</li>
     * !(li)Check if the resulting date would be invalid</li>
     * !(li)Adjust the day-of-month to the last valid day if necessary</li>
     * </ol>
     * !(p)
     * For example, 2007-03-31 minus one month would result _in the invalid date
     * 2007-02-31. Instead of returning an invalid result, the last valid day
     * of the month, 2007-02-28, is selected instead.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param monthsToSubtract  the months to subtract, may be negative
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the months subtracted, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public LocalDate minusMonths(long monthsToSubtract) {
        return (monthsToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plusMonths(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusMonths(1) : plusMonths(-monthsToSubtract));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of weeks subtracted.
     * !(p)
     * This method subtracts the specified amount _in weeks from the days field decrementing
     * the month and year fields as necessary to ensure the result remains valid.
     * The result is only invalid if the maximum/minimum year is exceeded.
     * !(p)
     * For example, 2009-01-07 minus one week would result _in 2008-12-31.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param weeksToSubtract  the weeks to subtract, may be negative
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the weeks subtracted, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public LocalDate minusWeeks(long weeksToSubtract) {
        return (weeksToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plusWeeks(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusWeeks(1) : plusWeeks(-weeksToSubtract));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code LocalDate} with the specified number of days subtracted.
     * !(p)
     * This method subtracts the specified amount from the days field decrementing the
     * month and year fields as necessary to ensure the result remains valid.
     * The result is only invalid if the maximum/minimum year is exceeded.
     * !(p)
     * For example, 2009-01-01 minus one day would result _in 2008-12-31.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param daysToSubtract  the days to subtract, may be negative
     * @return a {@code LocalDate} based on this date with the days subtracted, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported date range
     */
    public LocalDate minusDays(long daysToSubtract) {
        return (daysToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plusDays(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusDays(1) : plusDays(-daysToSubtract));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Queries this date using the specified query.
     * !(p)
     * This queries this date using the specified query strategy object.
     * The {@code TemporalQuery} object defines the logic to be used to
     * obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand
     * what the result of this method will be.
     * !(p)
     * The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
     * {@link TemporalQuery#queryFrom(TemporalAccessor)} method on the
     * specified query passing {@code this} as the argument.
     *
     * @param !(R) the type of the result
     * @param query  the query to invoke, not null
     * @return the query result, null may be returned (defined by the query)
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to query (defined by the query)
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs (defined by the query)
     */
    /*@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")*/
    // override
    public R query(R)(TemporalQuery!(R) query) {
        if (query == TemporalQueries.localDate()) {
            return cast(R) this;
        }
        return /* ChronoLocalDate. */super_query(query);
    }

    R super_query(R)(TemporalQuery!(R) query) {
         if (query == TemporalQueries.zoneId()
                 || query == TemporalQueries.chronology()
                 || query == TemporalQueries.precision()) {
             return null;
         }
         return query.queryFrom(this);
     }

    /**
     * Adjusts the specified temporal object to have the same date as this object.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
     * with the date changed to be the same as this.
     * !(p)
     * The adjustment is equivalent to using {@link Temporal#_with(TemporalField, long)}
     * passing {@link ChronoField#EPOCH_DAY} as the field.
     * !(p)
     * In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
     * {@link Temporal#_with(TemporalAdjuster)}:
     * !(pre)
     *   // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
     *   temporal = thisLocalDate.adjustInto(temporal);
     *   temporal = temporal._with(thisLocalDate);
     * </pre>
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param temporal  the target object to be adjusted, not null
     * @return the adjusted object, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to make the adjustment
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    override  // override for Javadoc
    public Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal) {
        return /* ChronoLocalDate. super.*/super_adjustInto(temporal);
    }

     Temporal super_adjustInto(Temporal temporal) {
        return temporal._with(ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY, toEpochDay());
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the amount of time until another date _in terms of the specified unit.
     * !(p)
     * This calculates the amount of time between two {@code LocalDate}
     * objects _in terms of a single {@code TemporalUnit}.
     * The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified date.
     * The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
     * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
     * {@code LocalDate} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}.
     * For example, the amount _in days between two dates can be calculated
     * using {@code startDate.until(endDate, DAYS)}.
     * !(p)
     * The calculation returns a whole number, representing the number of
     * complete units between the two dates.
     * For example, the amount _in months between 2012-06-15 and 2012-08-14
     * will only be one month as it is one day short of two months.
     * !(p)
     * There are two equivalent ways of using this method.
     * The first is to invoke this method.
     * The second is to use {@link TemporalUnit#between(Temporal, Temporal)}:
     * !(pre)
     *   // these two lines are equivalent
     *   amount = start.until(end, MONTHS);
     *   amount = MONTHS.between(start, end);
     * </pre>
     * The choice should be made based on which makes the code more readable.
     * !(p)
     * The calculation is implemented _in this method for {@link ChronoUnit}.
     * The units {@code DAYS}, {@code WEEKS}, {@code MONTHS}, {@code YEARS},
     * {@code DECADES}, {@code CENTURIES}, {@code MILLENNIA} and {@code ERAS}
     * are supported. Other {@code ChronoUnit} values will throw an exception.
     * !(p)
     * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
     * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal
     * as the second argument.
     * !(p)
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which is converted to a {@code LocalDate}, not null
     * @param unit  the unit to measure the amount _in, not null
     * @return the amount of time between this date and the end date
     * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
     *  temporal cannot be converted to a {@code LocalDate}
     * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    override
    public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
        LocalDate end = LocalDate.from(endExclusive);
        if (cast(ChronoUnit)(unit) !is null) {
            auto f = cast(ChronoUnit) unit;
            {
                if( f == ChronoUnit.DAYS) return daysUntil(end);
                if( f == ChronoUnit.WEEKS) return daysUntil(end) / 7;
                if( f == ChronoUnit.MONTHS) return monthsUntil(end);
                if( f == ChronoUnit.YEARS) return monthsUntil(end) / 12;
                if( f == ChronoUnit.DECADES) return monthsUntil(end) / 120;
                if( f == ChronoUnit.CENTURIES) return monthsUntil(end) / 1200;
                if( f == ChronoUnit.MILLENNIA) return monthsUntil(end) / 12000;
                if( f == ChronoUnit.ERAS) return end.getLong(ChronoField.ERA) - getLong(ChronoField.ERA);
            }
            throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " ~ f.toString);
        }
        return unit.between(this, end);
    }

    long daysUntil(LocalDate end) {
        return end.toEpochDay() - toEpochDay();  // no overflow
    }

    private long monthsUntil(LocalDate end) {
        long packed1 = getProlepticMonth() * 32L + getDayOfMonth();  // no overflow
        long packed2 = end.getProlepticMonth() * 32L + end.getDayOfMonth();  // no overflow
        return (packed2 - packed1) / 32;
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the period between this date and another date as a {@code Period}.
     * !(p)
     * This calculates the period between two dates _in terms of years, months and days.
     * The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified date.
     * The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
     * The negative sign will be the same _in each of year, month and day.
     * !(p)
     * The calculation is performed using the ISO calendar system.
     * If necessary, the input date will be converted to ISO.
     * !(p)
     * The start date is included, but the end date is not.
     * The period is calculated by removing complete months, then calculating
     * the remaining number of days, adjusting to ensure that both have the same sign.
     * The number of months is then normalized into years and months based on a 12 month year.
     * A month is considered to be complete if the end day-of-month is greater
     * than or equal to the start day-of-month.
     * For example, from {@code 2010-01-15} to {@code 2011-03-18} is "1 year, 2 months and 3 days".
     * !(p)
     * There are two equivalent ways of using this method.
     * The first is to invoke this method.
     * The second is to use {@link Period#between(LocalDate, LocalDate)}:
     * !(pre)
     *   // these two lines are equivalent
     *   period = start.until(end);
     *   period = Period.between(start, end);
     * </pre>
     * The choice should be made based on which makes the code more readable.
     *
     * @param endDateExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which may be _in any chronology, not null
     * @return the period between this date and the end date, not null
     */
    override
    public Period until(ChronoLocalDate endDateExclusive) {
        LocalDate end = LocalDate.from(endDateExclusive);
        long totalMonths = end.getProlepticMonth() - this.getProlepticMonth();  // safe
        int days = end.day - this.day;
        if (totalMonths > 0 && days < 0) {
            totalMonths--;
            LocalDate calcDate = this.plusMonths(totalMonths);
            days = cast(int) (end.toEpochDay() - calcDate.toEpochDay());  // safe
        } else if (totalMonths < 0 && days > 0) {
            totalMonths++;
            days -= end.lengthOfMonth();
        }
        long years = totalMonths / 12;  // safe
        int months = cast(int) (totalMonths % 12);  // safe
        return Period.of(/* MathHelper.toIntExact */cast(int)(years), months, days);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a sequential ordered stream of dates. The returned stream starts from this date
     * (inclusive) and goes to {@code endExclusive} (exclusive) by an incremental step of 1 day.
     * !(p)
     * This method is equivalent to {@code datesUntil(endExclusive, Period.ofDays(1))}.
     *
     * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, not null
     * @return a sequential {@code Stream} for the range of {@code LocalDate} values
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if end date is before this date
     * @since 9
     */
     ///@gxc
    // public Stream!(LocalDate) datesUntil(LocalDate endExclusive) {
    //     long end = endExclusive.toEpochDay();
    //     long start = toEpochDay();
    //     if (end < start) {
    //         throw new IllegalArgumentException(endExclusive ~ " < " ~ this);
    //     }
    //     return LongStream.range(start, end).mapToObj(LocalDate.ofEpochDay);
    // }

    /**
     * Returns a sequential ordered stream of dates by given incremental step. The returned stream
     * starts from this date (inclusive) and goes to {@code endExclusive} (exclusive).
     * !(p)
     * The n-th date which appears _in the stream is equal to {@code this.plus(step.multipliedBy(n))}
     * (but the result of step multiplication never overflows). For example, if this date is
     * {@code 2015-01-31}, the end date is {@code 2015-05-01} and the step is 1 month, then the
     * stream contains {@code 2015-01-31}, {@code 2015-02-28}, {@code 2015-03-31}, and
     * {@code 2015-04-30}.
     *
     * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, not null
     * @param step  the non-zero, non-negative {@code Period} which represents the step.
     * @return a sequential {@code Stream} for the range of {@code LocalDate} values
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if step is zero, or {@code step.getDays()} and
     *             {@code step.toTotalMonths()} have opposite sign, or end date is before this date
     *             and step is positive, or end date is after this date and step is negative
     * @since 9
     */
     ///@gxc
    // public Stream!(LocalDate) datesUntil(LocalDate endExclusive, Period step) {
    //     if (step.isZero()) {
    //         throw new IllegalArgumentException("step is zero");
    //     }
    //     long end = endExclusive.toEpochDay();
    //     long start = toEpochDay();
    //     long until = end - start;
    //     long months = step.toTotalMonths();
    //     long days = step.getDays();
    //     if ((months < 0 && days > 0) || (months > 0 && days < 0)) {
    //         throw new IllegalArgumentException("period months and days are of opposite sign");
    //     }
    //     if (until == 0) {
    //         return Stream.empty();
    //     }
    //     int sign = months > 0 || days > 0 ? 1 : -1;
    //     if ((sign < 0) ^ (until < 0)) {
    //         throw new IllegalArgumentException(endExclusive + (sign < 0 ? " > " : " < ") + this);
    //     }
    //     if (months == 0) {
    //         long steps = (until - sign) / days; // non-negative
    //         return LongStream.rangeClosed(0, steps).mapToObj(
    //                 n => LocalDate.ofEpochDay(start + n * days));
    //     }
    //     // 48699/1600 = 365.2425/12, no overflow, non-negative result
    //     long steps = until * 1600 / (months * 48699 + days * 1600) + 1;
    //     long addMonths = months * steps;
    //     long addDays = days * steps;
    //     long maxAddMonths = months > 0 ? MAX.getProlepticMonth() - getProlepticMonth()
    //             : getProlepticMonth() - MIN.getProlepticMonth();
    //     // adjust steps estimation
    //     if (addMonths * sign > maxAddMonths
    //             || (plusMonths(addMonths).toEpochDay() + addDays) * sign >= end * sign) {
    //         steps--;
    //         addMonths -= months;
    //         addDays -= days;
    //         if (addMonths * sign > maxAddMonths
    //                 || (plusMonths(addMonths).toEpochDay() + addDays) * sign >= end * sign) {
    //             steps--;
    //         }
    //     }
    //     return LongStream.rangeClosed(0, steps).mapToObj(
    //             n => this.plusMonths(months * n).plusDays(days * n));
    // }

    /**
     * Formats this date using the specified formatter.
     * !(p)
     * This date will be passed to the formatter to produce a string.
     *
     * @param formatter  the formatter to use, not null
     * @return the formatted date string, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if an error occurs during printing
     */
    // override  // override for Javadoc and performance
    // public string format(DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
    //     assert(formatter, "formatter");
    //     return formatter.format(this);
    // }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Combines this date with a time to create a {@code LocalDateTime}.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDateTime} formed from this date at the specified time.
     * All possible combinations of date and time are valid.
     *
     * @param time  the time to combine with, not null
     * @return the local date-time formed from this date and the specified time, not null
     */
    // override
    public LocalDateTime atTime_s(LocalTime time) {
        return LocalDateTime.of(this, time);
    }
    override 
     ChronoLocalDateTime!(ChronoLocalDate) atTime(LocalTime localTime) {
        return ChronoLocalDateTimeImpl!ChronoLocalDate.of!ChronoLocalDate(this, localTime);
    }
    /**
     * Combines this date with a time to create a {@code LocalDateTime}.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDateTime} formed from this date at the
     * specified hour and minute.
     * The seconds and nanosecond fields will be set to zero.
     * The individual time fields must be within their valid range.
     * All possible combinations of date and time are valid.
     *
     * @param hour  the hour-of-day to use, from 0 to 23
     * @param minute  the minute-of-hour to use, from 0 to 59
     * @return the local date-time formed from this date and the specified time, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the value of any field is _out of range
     */
    public LocalDateTime atTime(int hour, int minute) {
        return atTime_s(LocalTime.of(hour, minute));
    }

    /**
     * Combines this date with a time to create a {@code LocalDateTime}.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDateTime} formed from this date at the
     * specified hour, minute and second.
     * The nanosecond field will be set to zero.
     * The individual time fields must be within their valid range.
     * All possible combinations of date and time are valid.
     *
     * @param hour  the hour-of-day to use, from 0 to 23
     * @param minute  the minute-of-hour to use, from 0 to 59
     * @param second  the second-of-minute to represent, from 0 to 59
     * @return the local date-time formed from this date and the specified time, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the value of any field is _out of range
     */
    public LocalDateTime atTime(int hour, int minute, int second) {
        return atTime_s(LocalTime.of(hour, minute, second));
    }

    /**
     * Combines this date with a time to create a {@code LocalDateTime}.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDateTime} formed from this date at the
     * specified hour, minute, second and nanosecond.
     * The individual time fields must be within their valid range.
     * All possible combinations of date and time are valid.
     *
     * @param hour  the hour-of-day to use, from 0 to 23
     * @param minute  the minute-of-hour to use, from 0 to 59
     * @param second  the second-of-minute to represent, from 0 to 59
     * @param nanoOfSecond  the nano-of-second to represent, from 0 to 999,999,999
     * @return the local date-time formed from this date and the specified time, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the value of any field is _out of range
     */
    public LocalDateTime atTime(int hour, int minute, int second, int nanoOfSecond) {
        return atTime_s(LocalTime.of(hour, minute, second, nanoOfSecond));
    }

    /**
     * Combines this date with an offset time to create an {@code OffsetDateTime}.
     * !(p)
     * This returns an {@code OffsetDateTime} formed from this date at the specified time.
     * All possible combinations of date and time are valid.
     *
     * @param time  the time to combine with, not null
     * @return the offset date-time formed from this date and the specified time, not null
     */
    public OffsetDateTime atTime(OffsetTime time) {
        return OffsetDateTime.of(LocalDateTime.of(this, time.toLocalTime()), time.getOffset());
    }

    /**
     * Combines this date with the time of midnight to create a {@code LocalDateTime}
     * at the start of this date.
     * !(p)
     * This returns a {@code LocalDateTime} formed from this date at the time of
     * midnight, 00:00, at the start of this date.
     *
     * @return the local date-time of midnight at the start of this date, not null
     */
    public LocalDateTime atStartOfDay() {
        return LocalDateTime.of(this, LocalTime.MIDNIGHT);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a zoned date-time from this date at the earliest valid time according
     * to the rules _in the time-zone.
     * !(p)
     * Time-zone rules, such as daylight savings, mean that not every local date-time
     * is valid for the specified zone, thus the local date-time may not be midnight.
     * !(p)
     * In most cases, there is only one valid offset for a local date-time.
     * In the case of an overlap, there are two valid offsets, and the earlier one is used,
     * corresponding to the first occurrence of midnight on the date.
     * In the case of a gap, the zoned date-time will represent the instant just after the gap.
     * !(p)
     * If the zone ID is a {@link ZoneOffset}, then the result always has a time of midnight.
     * !(p)
     * To convert to a specific time _in a given time-zone call {@link #atTime(LocalTime)}
     * followed by {@link LocalDateTime#atZone(ZoneId)}.
     *
     * @param zone  the zone ID to use, not null
     * @return the zoned date-time formed from this date and the earliest valid time for the zone, not null
     */
    public ZonedDateTime atStartOfDay(ZoneId zone) {
        assert(zone, "zone");
        // need to handle case where there is a gap from 11:30 to 00:30
        // standard ZDT factory would result _in 01:00 rather than 00:30
        LocalDateTime ldt = atTime_s(LocalTime.MIDNIGHT);
        if ((cast(ZoneOffset)(zone) !is null) == false) {
            ZoneRules rules = zone.getRules();
            ZoneOffsetTransition trans = rules.getTransition(ldt);
            if (trans !is null && trans.isGap()) {
                ldt = trans.getDateTimeAfter();
            }
        }
        return ZonedDateTime.of(ldt, zone);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    override
    public long toEpochDay() {
        long y = year;
        long m = month;
        long total = 0;
        total += 365 * y;
        if (y >= 0) {
            total += (y + 3) / 4 - (y + 99) / 100 + (y + 399) / 400;
        } else {
            total -= y / -4 - y / -100 + y / -400;
        }
        total += ((367 * m - 362) / 12);
        total += day - 1;
        if (m > 2) {
            total--;
            if (isLeapYear() == false) {
                total--;
            }
        }
        return total - DAYS_0000_TO_1970;
    }

    /**
     * Converts this {@code LocalDate} to the number of seconds since the epoch
     * of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
     * !(p)
     * This combines this local date with the specified time and
     * offset to calculate the epoch-second value, which is the
     * number of elapsed seconds from 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
     * Instants on the time-line after the epoch are positive, earlier
     * are negative.
     *
     * @param time the local time, not null
     * @param offset the zone offset, not null
     * @return the number of seconds since the epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z, may be negative
     * @since 9
     */
    public long toEpochSecond(LocalTime time, ZoneOffset offset) {
        assert(time, "time");
        assert(offset, "offset");
        long secs = toEpochDay() * LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_DAY + time.toSecondOfDay();
        secs -= offset.getTotalSeconds();
        return secs;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Compares this date to another date.
     * !(p)
     * The comparison is primarily based on the date, from earliest to latest.
     * It is "consistent with equals", as defined by {@link Comparable}.
     * !(p)
     * If all the dates being compared are instances of {@code LocalDate},
     * then the comparison will be entirely based on the date.
     * If some dates being compared are _in different chronologies, then the
     * chronology is also considered, see {@link hunt.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDate#compareTo}.
     *
     * @param other  the other date to compare to, not null
     * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
     */
    override  // override for Javadoc and performance
    public int compareTo(ChronoLocalDate other) {
        if (cast(LocalDate)(other) !is null) {
            return compareTo0(cast(LocalDate) other);
        }
        return /* ChronoLocalDate.super.*/super_compareTo(other);
    }
     int super_compareTo(ChronoLocalDate other) {
        int cmp = compare(toEpochDay(), other.toEpochDay());
        if (cmp == 0) {
            cmp = getChronology().compareTo(other.getChronology());
        }
        return cmp;
    }

    int compareTo0(LocalDate otherDate) {
        int cmp = (year - otherDate.year);
        if (cmp == 0) {
            cmp = (month - otherDate.month);
            if (cmp == 0) {
                cmp = (day - otherDate.day);
            }
        }
        return cmp;
    }
    override  // override for Javadoc and performance
    public int opCmp(ChronoLocalDate other) {
        if (cast(LocalDate)(other) !is null) {
            return compareTo0(cast(LocalDate) other);
        }
        return /* ChronoLocalDate.super.*/super_compareTo(other);
    }
    /**
     * Checks if this date is after the specified date.
     * !(p)
     * This checks to see if this date represents a point on the
     * local time-line after the other date.
     * !(pre)
     *   LocalDate a = LocalDate.of(2012, 6, 30);
     *   LocalDate b = LocalDate.of(2012, 7, 1);
     *   a.isAfter(b) == false
     *   a.isAfter(a) == false
     *   b.isAfter(a) == true
     * </pre>
     * !(p)
     * This method only considers the position of the two dates on the local time-line.
     * It does not take into account the chronology, or calendar system.
     * This is different from the comparison _in {@link #compareTo(ChronoLocalDate)},
     * but is the same approach as {@link ChronoLocalDate#timeLineOrder()}.
     *
     * @param other  the other date to compare to, not null
     * @return true if this date is after the specified date
     */
    override  // override for Javadoc and performance
    public bool isAfter(ChronoLocalDate other) {
        if (cast(LocalDate)(other) !is null) {
            return compareTo0(cast(LocalDate) other) > 0;
        }
        return /* ChronoLocalDate. super.*/super_isAfter(other);
    }

     bool super_isAfter(ChronoLocalDate other) {
        return this.toEpochDay() > other.toEpochDay();
    }

    /**
     * Checks if this date is before the specified date.
     * !(p)
     * This checks to see if this date represents a point on the
     * local time-line before the other date.
     * !(pre)
     *   LocalDate a = LocalDate.of(2012, 6, 30);
     *   LocalDate b = LocalDate.of(2012, 7, 1);
     *   a.isBefore(b) == true
     *   a.isBefore(a) == false
     *   b.isBefore(a) == false
     * </pre>
     * !(p)
     * This method only considers the position of the two dates on the local time-line.
     * It does not take into account the chronology, or calendar system.
     * This is different from the comparison _in {@link #compareTo(ChronoLocalDate)},
     * but is the same approach as {@link ChronoLocalDate#timeLineOrder()}.
     *
     * @param other  the other date to compare to, not null
     * @return true if this date is before the specified date
     */
    override  // override for Javadoc and performance
    public bool isBefore(ChronoLocalDate other) {
        if (cast(LocalDate)(other) !is null) {
            return compareTo0(cast(LocalDate) other) < 0;
        }
        return /* ChronoLocalDate. super.*/super_isBefore(other);
    }

     bool super_isBefore(ChronoLocalDate other) {
        return this.toEpochDay() < other.toEpochDay();
    }

    /**
     * Checks if this date is equal to the specified date.
     * !(p)
     * This checks to see if this date represents the same point on the
     * local time-line as the other date.
     * !(pre)
     *   LocalDate a = LocalDate.of(2012, 6, 30);
     *   LocalDate b = LocalDate.of(2012, 7, 1);
     *   a.isEqual(b) == false
     *   a.isEqual(a) == true
     *   b.isEqual(a) == false
     * </pre>
     * !(p)
     * This method only considers the position of the two dates on the local time-line.
     * It does not take into account the chronology, or calendar system.
     * This is different from the comparison _in {@link #compareTo(ChronoLocalDate)}
     * but is the same approach as {@link ChronoLocalDate#timeLineOrder()}.
     *
     * @param other  the other date to compare to, not null
     * @return true if this date is equal to the specified date
     */
    override  // override for Javadoc and performance
    public bool isEqual(ChronoLocalDate other) {
        if (cast(LocalDate)(other) !is null) {
            return compareTo0(cast(LocalDate) other) == 0;
        }
        return /* ChronoLocalDate. super.*/super_isEqual(other);
    }
     bool super_isEqual(ChronoLocalDate other) {
        return this.toEpochDay() == other.toEpochDay();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Checks if this date is equal to another date.
     * !(p)
     * Compares this {@code LocalDate} with another ensuring that the date is the same.
     * !(p)
     * Only objects of type {@code LocalDate} are compared, other types return false.
     * To compare the dates of two {@code TemporalAccessor} instances, including dates
     * _in two different chronologies, use {@link ChronoField#EPOCH_DAY} as a comparator.
     *
     * @param obj  the object to check, null returns false
     * @return true if this is equal to the other date
     */
    override
    public bool opEquals(Object obj) {
        if (this is obj) {
            return true;
        }
        if (cast(LocalDate)(obj) !is null) {
            return compareTo0(cast(LocalDate) obj) == 0;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * A hash code for this date.
     *
     * @return a suitable hash code
     */
    override
    public size_t toHash() @trusted nothrow {
        int yearValue = year;
        int monthValue = month;
        int dayValue = day;
        return (yearValue & 0xFFFFF800) ^ ((yearValue << 11) + (monthValue << 6) + (dayValue));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Outputs this date as a {@code string}, such as {@code 2007-12-03}.
     * !(p)
     * The output will be _in the ISO-8601 format {@code uuuu-MM-dd}.
     *
     * @return a string representation of this date, not null
     */
    override
    public string toString() {
        import std.math : abs;
        int yearValue = year;
        int monthValue = month;
        int dayValue = day;
        int absYear = /* MathHelper. */abs(yearValue);
        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(10);
        if (absYear < 1000) {
            if (yearValue < 0) {
                buf.append(yearValue - 10000).deleteCharAt(1);
            } else {
                buf.append(yearValue + 10000).deleteCharAt(0);
            }
        } else {
            if (yearValue > 9999) {
                buf.append('+');
            }
            buf.append(yearValue);
        }
        return buf.append(monthValue < 10 ? "-0" : "-")
            .append(monthValue)
            .append(dayValue < 10 ? "-0" : "-")
            .append(dayValue)
            .toString();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Writes the object using a
     * <a href="{@docRoot}/serialized-form.html#hunt.time.Ser">dedicated serialized form</a>.
     * @serialData
     * !(pre)
     *  _out.writeByte(3);  // identifies a LocalDate
     *  _out.writeInt(year);
     *  _out.writeByte(month);
     *  _out.writeByte(day);
     * </pre>
     *
     * @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
     */
    private Object writeReplace() {
        return new Ser(Ser.LOCAL_DATE_TYPE, this);
    }

    /**
     * Defend against malicious streams.
     *
     * @param s the stream to read
     * @throws InvalidObjectException always
     */
     ///@gxc
    // private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) /*throws InvalidObjectException*/ {
    //     throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
    // }

    void writeExternal(DataOutput _out) /*throws IOException*/ {
        _out.writeInt(year);
        _out.writeByte(month);
        _out.writeByte(day);
    }

    static LocalDate readExternal(DataInput _in) /*throws IOException*/ {
        int year = _in.readInt();
        int month = _in.readByte();
        int dayOfMonth = _in.readByte();
        return LocalDate.of(year, month, dayOfMonth);
    }
    
    // mixin SerializationMember!(typeof(this));

}